Flowmetering

Fluid characteristics and flow theory (including Bernoulli's theorem and Reynolds' numbers) are introduced and developed to provide basic metering theory and techniques. Different meter types, instrumentation and installation practice are also discussed.

1. Fluids and Flow

   Users may wish to measure the flow of steam to help with plant efficiency, energy efficiency, process control or costing purposes. This tutorial considers the characteristics of flowing fluids and the basic requirements for good steam metering practice.

2. Principles of Flowmetering

   A detailed examination of the principles and terminology surrounding the topic of flowmetering, including accuracy, repeatability and turndown. Also included is a basic insight to Bernoulli's Theorem.

3. Types of Steam Flowmeter

   The operation, advantages and limitations of different types of steam flowmeter, including orifice plate, variable area and vortex shedding devices.

4. Instrumentation

   Apparatus for accurate steam flow measurement, including differential pressure cells and data collection & analysis equipment. Also covers special considerations such as the effects of pressure variation, steam dryness fraction and superheat.

5. Installation

   System design, installation and maintenance considerations for steam flowmeters, including the use of strainers, separators and flow straighteners, together with piping layouts. Includes a useful checklist for selecting the correct type of flowmeter for an application.